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Mycotoxin levels and characterization of natural anti-fungal phytochemicals in pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) from Nigeria's six agroecological zones


Author(s) : Hadiza Kudu Muhammad, Hadiza Lami Muhammad, Patrick Berka Njobeh, Maurice Monjerezi, Limbikani Matumba, Hussaini Anthony Makun
Mycotoxin Res
4
Citations (scopus)

Abstract


This study reports levels of multiple mycotoxins across Nigeria’s six agro-ecological zones and corresponding levels of natural anti-fungal phytochemicals present in pearl millet (PM). 220 representative composite samples of PM were collected for mycotoxin analysis using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), and 24 were randomly selected for determination of metabolites using gas chromatography-high resolution time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS). In total, 15 mycotoxins were detected, all with levels below the European Union (EU) permissible limits and level of aflatoxins only up to 1.34 µg/kg. This is in sharp contrast to high levels of mycotoxins reported in maize samples from the same agroecological zones. Phytochemical analysis of the same samples identified a total of 88 metabolites, 30 of which are known anti-fungal properties from other previously published studies. The most common of these include methyl ester, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and ç-tocopherol. The number of anti-fungal metabolites recovered from each sample ranged from 3 to 17 and varied widely in both number and composition across the agroecological zones. The anti-fungal metabolites may probably make PM less susceptible to fungal proliferation compared to other grains. Hence, it is worth exploring for possible sources of biological control products from PM.


Original language en
Pages (from-to) 243-252
Volume 38
Issue number 4
Publication status Published - 2022

Access document

10.1007/S12550-022-00465-Z

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https://www.springer.com/tdm

Funding

Tertiary Education Trust Fund
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Access document

10.1007/S12550-022-00465-Z

License

https://www.springer.com/tdm

Funding

Tertiary Education Trust Fund